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Daily multivitamins might not help you live longer, study finds: ‘No differences in mortality’
Data show that nearly a third of U.S. adults take a multivitamin, but a new study suggests daily practice won’t extend life.
Researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) analyzed more than 20 years of data from 400,000 healthy adults in the United States and concluded that taking multivitamins did not reduce the risk of death.
“The analysis showed that people who took a daily multivitamin did not have a lower risk of death from any cause than people who did not take a multivitamin,” the researchers wrote in a press release from the National Institutes of Health.
“There were also no differences in deaths from cancer, heart disease, or cerebrovascular disease.”
It was found that those who took a daily multivitamin were 4% more likely to die, according to the study published in JAMA Network Open on Wednesday.
The average age of participants was 61 years, and 164,762 deaths occurred during the follow-up period.
“People who use multivitamins may have healthier lifestyles overall, and sicker patients may be more likely to increase their multivitamin use.”
The results were adjusted for factors including race, ethnicity, education, and nutrition.
The study followed a 2022 analysis by the US Preventive Services Task Force, which concluded there was “insufficient evidence” to determine whether multivitamin use improves mortality.
By including larger numbers of participants and extending the follow-up period over longer periods, the researchers aimed to account for potential biases that could affect the results.
“For example, people who use multivitamins may have healthier lifestyles overall, and sicker patients may be more likely to increase their multivitamin use,” they wrote in an NIH press release.
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Peter Cohen, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Cambridge Health Alliance in Massachusetts, was not involved in the study but provided his comments.
He added to Fox News Digital Channel: “This study provides additional evidence that taking multivitamins, even for 20 years or more, will not extend your life.”
“For healthy adults, there is no reason to add a multivitamin unless your doctor specifically recommends it.”
The doctor points out the restrictions
Dr. Brett Osborne, a Florida neurologist and longevity expert, was not involved in the study but participated in evaluating the results.
“Key aspects of the study include its observational nature, the absence of a control group, and the diversity in multivitamin formulations used by participants,” he said in an email to Fox News Digital.
(The researchers also acknowledged these limitations in their discussion of the study results.)
“Observational studies like this can suggest associations or correlations, but they cannot prove causality because of the potential for confounding variables that influence multivitamin use and mortality outcomes,” Osborne said.
While the researchers noted that they adjusted for factors such as demographics, lifestyle behaviors and health status, Osborne said, “residual confounding remains a concern.”
The doctor also noted that the lack of a control group makes it difficult to compare results.
“Without a control group, it is difficult to separate the effects of multivitamins from the effects of other health behaviors or underlying health conditions that can influence mortality,” Osborne said.
The doctor noted that the study also does not include controls for the specific composition or dosage of the multivitamins the participants take.
“Most multivitamins contain a wide range of vitamins and minerals, but concentrations can vary greatly across brands and formulations,” he said.
“Many commercially available multivitamins may not provide the optimal levels of nutrients required to obtain health benefits, which may dilute any potential longevity effects.”
Osborne said that in his medical practice, he recommends that his patients take multiple multivitamin capsules daily.
The doctor pointed out that the use of vitamins is just one aspect of longevity, along with genetic factors, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and ability to obtain health care, among other factors.
“The multifactorial nature of longevity means that isolating the effect of multivitamins alone is complex and difficult, if not impossible,” Osborne said.
“There are too many potential confounding variables.”
The study highlights the importance of “rigorous scientific research” into the health benefits of multivitamins, according to the doctor.
“In my opinion, multivitamins should be taken, because most Americans are malnourished — certainly not in terms of calories, but in the context of vitamins and minerals.”
Looking to the future, the researchers emphasized the importance of measuring the effect of multivitamins on mortality in more diverse populations with different medical conditions and different dietary habits.
“It is important to evaluate multivitamin use and risk of death among different types of populations, such as those with documented nutritional deficiencies, as well as the potential impact of regular multivitamin use on other health conditions associated with aging,” they wrote.